The aim of this paper is to interpret the hidden symbols in these works from a philosophical view. If we claim that we are living in a democratical society, how can we explain the penetration of modern culture to science, philosophy and every piece of human life? This paper tries to discuss how scientific thought that enters into philosophy reduces human being to a programmed machine from a perspective of two different worlds that contrast with each other.
The life style which is imposed by modern culture against tradition, and the fact that this culture itself is increasingly becoming a tradition, causes man to be alienated from society, culture and finally from himself. Against Chernyshevky’s assertion of the absolute hegemony of reason, which claims that human behavior is directed by rational laws of nature, Dostoevsky insists on the free choices of human will and on the unpredictability of human nature which is so complicated to be explained by reason. But on the opposite side, Dostoevsky criticises this utilitarian model from an underground man’s point of view. With the crystal palace he offers a rational model for living. Chernyshevsky’s work, in which there is created a crystal palace, symbolically maintains that there is no freedom for human beings. My aim is to realize a philosophical reading based upon literary works remaining aside from the history of philosophy. In this context, tension and conflicts between individual and society are analyzed from the point of determinism, rational egoism, utopianism and utilitarianism. In this paper, by placing a crystal palace which is created by Chernyshevky’s What Is To Be Done? in contrast with an underground world which is created by Dostoevksy’s Notes From the Underground, I am calling attention to the issues such as existentialism, alienation, freewill and rebellion in culture and tradition.
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